2008 Intensive Education Network class handouts seven
(a) the purpose of education and education policy changes
1 'party of Leninism' education
1924 held a big Kuomintang, Sun Yat-sen Three People reinterpreted as 'United Russia, were to assist agricultural workers' three policies, reorganized the Kuomintang and the imitation of the Soviet Union 'failure for' model, emphasizing all the initiatives and political education to its platform as the basis of education is no exception, 'the party of Leninism,' thus proposed the concept of education. 1926 Guangdong Revolutionary Government established the National Committee on Educational Administration,kids jordan, that 'the party of Leninism,' the slogan of education. In the same year, 'the KMT education policy draft,' explained its meaning: that under the guidance of the KMT, according to the KMT's 'Party justice' and the spirit of the policy to reorganize the school curriculum, not only created a variety of specialized personnel, especially to make students out of school after all do party work. But this concept is nothing more than a one-party dictatorship services for the realization of the aim of strengthening the KMT control over school education, was attacked progressives, the 1928 decision 'to Three Principles of Education' on behalf of the two 'Three People's Principles' education purposes
1928 Nanjing National Government to be identified as the 'Republic of educational objectives.' 'First, the restoration of the national spirit, promote the inherent culture and improve national morality, national physical exercise, the popularization of scientific knowledge, the development of artistic interest, in order to achieve the second nationalism, instilling political knowledge, to develop the ability to use four right;. Clarify freedom boundaries, to develop the habit of obeying the law; promote equality essence, promote moral social services, training, organizational capacity, promote the spirit of teamwork to achieve Democracy Third, develop work habits, improve production technology, promote the use of science. promote the reconciliation of economic interests, in order to achieve the People's Livelihood. promote international justice and conservation of human sympathy, of the national self-determination, into the world of Datong. Three Principles, '1929 Third National Congress of the Kuomintang by the' 'education for the purpose of' China Republic of China under the Three Principles of education to enrich people's lives, fostering social survival, development of national life, the continuation of national life for the purpose. activities of its national independence and civil rights in general, human development, in order to promote world harmony. 'above objects completely betrayed Sun Yat-sen proposed new Three People's Principles, the basic spirit of tyranny, retro and capitulation. Training for the KMT government services 'loyalists' and 'obedient', is the general policy of the Kuomintang 3 run education 'wartime subject to the usual look' of education policy
1937, the national government adopted this policy, requiring emergency measures taken during the war, everything is still to maintain a proper education for the subject. April 1938 through the 'founding documents of the Chinese Kuomintang war' on the implementation of wartime education also made specific provisions. March 1939, Chiang Kai-shek made a 'fundamental principle of education in the future,' the speech that the educational, economic, and military vitality of the country's constitution, and education is fundamental, is the hub of the total economic and military; education focus not only in wartime, even after the war. To the same war, a very spiritual, very committed to national reconstruction methods and national recovery, many experts and technicians prepare technicians for the post-war building. Following this approach, the Japanese large-scale attack at the critical moment, in order to save power, the college moved to a number of key west northwest, adjustment and reorganization, adhere to the teaching, educational saved for the Chinese elite force. 'Wartime subject to the usual look' of education policy is not a short-sighted educational decisions, is China's education in a brutal war to preserve the environment, as well as in the Southwest Northwest Development (ii) Education Reform
1 large college and university district system implementation
1927 proposal adopted in June the Executive Committee of Education, educational administration system using a large college system. But in fact will not be implemented only in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces trial. July 1928 abolished School,New Retro Jordans Shoes 2014 Store, established in the Ministry of Education. Under education, general education, social education, general Fourth Division, Department of Education and the 1929 creation of the Mongolian and Tibetan design of Overseas Chinese Education Committee, under the Ministry of Education and has editorial office, in 1933 to compile the museum. Provincial Department of Education set up, county Department of Education. The reform of the education system failed because the main administration was 'too heavy ideals while ignoring the reality,' because China is not concentrated academic atmosphere, and bureaucracy has deep, so that academic institutions and bureaucracies mixed one, to become anti-tilt bar higher learning establishments, bureaucracy, corruption appears with academic institutions, easy roll and politics swirl 2 'Boshin academic' enactment
1922 enacted shortly after the new academic structure, for implementation of the 'Three People's Principles' education needs, advocating amendments schooling system. 1928 that 'finishing school system ROC case', namely 'Boshin academic',Air Jordan 2013 Online Shop, sub-systems and organizational principles of two parts. The first part presents seven principles: According to China's national conditions, to adapt to needs of the people, increased educational efficiency,Cheap Jordans, improve academic standards, seeking personality development, easy to make education universal, scalable possible place to stay. The second part is divided into the school system, divided into high school, teacher, professional three kinds of schools. 'Boshin academic' only in 1922 on the basis of the new academic structure, according to the current situation needs to make only partial modifications (c) the development of school education
1 primary education
Kuomintang government was raised several times in 1929,06日语2班,1936,1937 implement compulsory education, the development of literacy programs, but all because of financial difficulties and could not be implemented. After three revised curriculum to meet the employment needs of two secondary school students
1932 published 'School Law', the school is divided into provincial, municipal, county,Jordan Retro Shoes, simultaneous and private. 1936 published curriculum standards. 1932 published the 'Vocational School Law,' two high vocational school of the early to establish the principle of the single subject, who has set up several special circumstances Division. 1932 promulgated the 'Normal Law' provisions Normal levels of both governments handled Normal closed junior high school graduates, three years, while rural teachers, higher education, etc. 3 simple normal
1929 published 'University Organization Act' and 'statutes', set up the school of national, provincial, municipal, and private. Organization nothing more than science, law,2 Million Minutes 中美印高中教育对比, education, agriculture, industry, commerce, medicine each hospital, University Hospitals have said otherwise independent colleges,09国贸2团日活动总结书, universities may establish research institutes, academic medical five years, and the remaining four years. 1931 orders using academic credit. In addition to medicine, the subjects students to other institutions, from the second year of a system-based system should be identified and selected department supplemented by another department. University have attached special training course during the school moved westward War 4
War period, to preserve the lifeline of education, national government organizations universities westward, and make adjustments, merger, reorganization. National Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai private removed moved to Kunming, the composition of the National Southwest Associated University; National Peking University, Beijing Normal University, Xi'an, such as relocation, consisting Northwest National United University; Zhejiang University, National Central University, are also moved westward school. Adjustments were relocated to 1938 University 55. In addition, a number of new and restructured the University, such as the new National Chung Cheng University, Jiangxi, Guizhou University, changed by the Provincial State of Yunnan University, Guangxi University, changed by the private National Xiamen University, Fudan University, is China's Anti-Japanese War continued to show growth momentum higher (four) to strengthen the control of school education
Boy Scouts training schools, high school military training. Boy Scout training is a way for children to receive education and training organizations in the form of militarization. Early Republic of China to enter China, in 1926 founded the Boy Scouts Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, in 1928 through the 'Scouts of the Chinese Kuomintang General Chapter,09年进口分,' the Boy Scouts in 1929 changed its name to China, in 1933 published 'China Boy Scouts General Chapter.' After the outbreak of war, promulgated the 'Outline Scouts wartime service,' the organization and training of the Boy Scouts stronger. In 1939,007系列电影介绍, the Boy Scouts to the military community to expand the scope of the community to prevent and control juvenile. High school military training people for 'Divergence' outrage and set up military education department. 1933 Chiang Kai-shek as a necessary condition for the military to complete their education and further education. Difficulties pledge, the need for war, safeguard national security and national defense education for high school students and some military training is necessary to enhance the students' patriotism, national educational responsibility. However, it has gradually become the Kuomintang rulers control means and medium-sized schools and students, into full-time service tool two dictatorships, the new democratic educational practice
(a) Yang Xianjiang educational theory and Marxism
1 early Marxist ideological education
early Marxist for a strong sense of mission, attention to analyze the relationship between education and society, trying to explain the nature of the right to education. Early in the New Culture Movement, zhao pointed out that the ideological roots of mankind and life-changing economy, 'Economic life is a fundamental condition of all life'; cultural education is not subject to the economic base, and the subject of politics, 'bad politics Notice promote education is nonsense. ' In 1930, Yang Xianjiang Zhuancheng China's first application of Marxist discourse education monograph - 'New educational program' On the Nature Education 2
'new educational program' clearly 'education' as 'one of the field of labor ideology', that is one of society's superstructure, which areas of law and politics, religion, art, philosophy and other forms of the same concept, depending on economic base, but also affects the economy. But education particularity, while his other mental contents as content production, on the other hand he is working in the field of social labor in production. Therefore, as the superstructure and as labor in the production of education has a dual nature. Study history, education originated in real life needs of people, one of the original education with productive labor, regardless of family, both men and women enjoy equal rights and obligations of education; private ownership after generation, the nature of education is one of the social superstructure, the performance of manual and separation, the separation of education and productive labor,Air Jordan 2013 Online Shop, the right to education of subordinate mental ownership of the means of production, to become a tool of the ruling class, inequality between men and women the right to education, education in capitalist society have become tools; in the future socialist society, the elimination of private ownership , the demise of class, education will be combined with labor, education universal and genuine equality of education. Accordingly, he criticized the 'universal education', 'educational Salvation', 'education independence' point of view, pointing out the role of education is a prerequisite, not be divorced from social and economic infrastructure to talk about education, must lead the people to fight for true democracy and science education.